Objectives

• Develop hydrological models to simulate reservoir inflows and outflows under various rainfall scenarios.
• Determine optimal gate operation timing windows that balance water storage maximization with flood risk management.
• Establish operational decision frameworks for dam operators based on hydrological trigger thresholds.
• Integrate real-time rainfall and reservoir level data requirements into the operational framework.

Methodology

Hydrological modeling was performed using rainfall-runoff models calibrated with historical storm event data. Reservoir routing simulations were conducted to evaluate the response of each dam under various inflow conditions. Operational decision trees were developed linking rainfall thresholds, reservoir levels, and recommended gate positions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to account for data uncertainty.

Deliverables

• Hydrological modeling reports for target dams.
• Optimal gate operation timing guidelines and decision frameworks.
• Operational manuals for dam operators.
• Recommendations for instrumentation and real-time monitoring improvements.

Significance & Impact

Optimizing dam gate operations is critical in Saudi Arabia where water is a precious resource and flash floods pose serious risks. This study directly contributed to improved water harvesting efficiency and enhanced downstream flood safety, demonstrating the applied value of hydrological science in water resource management.